Physical Environment
The environments where we live, work, exercise, and socialize significantly impact our health. While certain elements, like air pollution and noise, can be detrimental, others—such as green spaces, access to transportation, and safe neighborhoods—can promote well-being. Because many aspects of the physical environment can be modified, this area warrants thorough investigation.
Pollution
The NO2 land-use regression model estimate data includes national-scale estimates of NO2 in the United States. It provides predictions for annual average NO2 concentrations (ppb) using the land-use regression models. In order to predict NO2 estimates at the national level, the following input data were used; Fixed-site regulatory monitors, Satellite-derived NO2 estimates and GIS-derived land-use data.
Source: Empirical Model Database
Citation: Jennifer Ailshire and Hyewon Kang. 2018. Contextual Data Resource (CDR): Nitrogen Dioxide LUR Model Estimates, 2000-2010, Version 1.0. Los Angeles, CA: USC/UCLA Center on Biodemography and Population Health.
Years: 2000-2010
Global and regional PM2.5 concentrations are estimated using information from satellite-, simulation- and monitor-based sources. Aerosol optical depth from multiple satellites (MODIS, VIIRS, MISR, SeaWiFS, and VIIRS) and their respective retrievals (Dark Target, Deep Blue, MAIAC) is combined with simulation (GEOS-Chem) based upon their relative uncertainties as determined using ground-based sun photometer (AERONET) observations to produce geophysical estimates that explain most of the variance in ground-based PM2.5 measurements. A subsequent statistical fusion incorporates additional information from PM2.5 measurements.. Annual and monthly mean PM2.5 [ug/m3] at 0.01° × 0.01°.
Source: Satellite-derived PM2.5, Atmospheric Composition Analysis Group, Washington University in St. Louis
Citation: Van Donkelaar, A., R. V. Martin, B. Ford, C. Li, A. J. Pappin, S. Shen, and D. Zhang, North American Fine Particulate Matter Chemical Composition for 2000–2022 from Satellites, Models, and Monitors: The Changing Contribution of Wildfires., ACS ES&T Air, doi: 10.1021/acs.est.0c01764, 2024.
Years: 1998-2022
Global and regional PM2.5 concentrations are estimated using information from satellite-, simulation- and monitor-based sources. Aerosol optical depth from multiple satellites (MODIS, VIIRS, MISR, SeaWiFS, and VIIRS) and their respective retrievals (Dark Target, Deep Blue, MAIAC) is combined with simulation (GEOS-Chem) based upon their relative uncertainties as determined using ground-based sun photometer (AERONET) observations to produce geophysical estimates that explain most of the variance in ground-based PM2.5 measurements. A subsequent statistical fusion incorporates additional information from PM2.5 measurements.. Annual and monthly mean PM2.5 [ug/m3] at 0.1° × 0.1°.
Source: Satellite-derived PM2.5, Atmospheric Composition Analysis Group, Washington University in St. Louis
Citation: Van Donkelaar, A., R. V. Martin, B. Ford, C. Li, A. J. Pappin, S. Shen, and D. Zhang, North American Fine Particulate Matter Chemical Composition for 2000–2022 from Satellites, Models, and Monitors: The Changing Contribution of Wildfires., ACS ES&T Air, doi: 10.1021/acs.est.0c01764, 2024.
Years: 1998-2022
The Fused Air Quality Surface Using Downscaling (FAQSD) Files is derived from data on Ozone (O3). The data provides predictions for national-scale annual average concentration of O3 (μg/m3) in the United States using monitoring data and Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) output.
Source: United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
Citation: Jennifer Ailshire and Hyewon Kang. 2020. United States Environmental Protection Agency Ozone FAQSD Files by Census Tract, 2002-2016, Version 2.0. Los Angeles, CA: USC/UCLA Center on Biodemography and Population Health.
Years: 2002-2016
The Fused Air Quality Surface Using Downscaling (FAQSD) Files is derived from data on Particulate Matter 2.5 (PM2.5). The data provides predictions for national-scale annual average concentration of PM2.5 (μg/m3) in the United States using monitoring data and Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) output.
Source: United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
Citation: Jennifer Ailshire and Hyewon Kang. 2020. Contextual Data Resource (CDR): United States Environmental Protection Agency Particulate Matter 2.5 FAQSD Files by Census Tract, 2002- 2016, Version 2.0. Los Angeles, CA: USC/UCLA Center on Biodemography and Population Health.
Years: 2002-2016
Food Environment
The Food Access Research Atlas dataset provides information on food environment factors—such as store/restaurant proximity, food prices, food and nutrition assistance programs, and community characteristics—interact to influence food choices and diet quality. These interactions are complex and more research is needed to identify causal relationships and effective policy interventions.
Source: Economic Research Service (ERS), U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA)
Citation: Jennifer Ailshire, Sarah Mawhorter, Matthew M. Young, and Yeon Jin Choi. 2020. Contextual Data Resource (CDR): United States Department of Agriculture Food Environment Atlas by State and County and Food Access Research Atlas by Census Tract, 2000-2016. Version 2.0. Los Angeles, CA: USC/UCLA Center on Biodemography and Population Health.
Years: 2010
The USDA Food Environment and Access dataset provides information on geographic variation in access and proximity to grocery stores, restaurant availability and expenditures, food insecurity and assistance, food prices and taxes, and other food-related measures, as well as fine-grained data on food access for various demographic groups.
Source: Economic Research Service (ERS), U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA)
Citation: Jennifer Ailshire, Sarah Mawhorter, Matthew M. Young, and Yeon Jin Choi. 2020. Contextual Data Resource (CDR): United States Department of Agriculture Food Environment Atlas by State and County and Food Access Research Atlas by Census Tract, 2000-2016. Version 2.0. Los Angeles, CA: USC/UCLA Center on Biodemography and Population Health.
Years: 1999-2003, 2005-2016
Street Connectivity
The Street Connectivity dataset contains measures of street connectivity (how well streets connect with one another) within United States census tracts. This includes measures of the number of street segments (links) and intersections (nodes) per tract, street length within tracts, and indices representing overall connectivity within the tract.
Source: United States Census Bureau TIGER/Line Shapefiles, All Lines shapefile and Cartographic Boundary Files
https://www.census.gov/geographies/mapping-files/time-series/geo/cartoboundary-file.2010.html
https://www.census.gov/geographies/mapping-files/time-series/geo/tiger-line-file.2010.html
Citation: Ailshire, Jennifer, Robert Melendez, and Megan Chenoweth. 2021. Street Connectivity. Los Angeles, CA: USC/UCLA Center on Biodemography and Population Health.
Years: 2010